Manufacture of glassware



- R. M. CORL MANUFACTURE OF GLASSWARE v INVENTUR Y 19 W22 M Aug" 18,1925. 1,550,421 R. M. CORL MANUFACTURE OF GLASSWARE Fil ad May 29. 192 06 5 Sheets-Shei s I 1:: 1

JNVENTUH W31. 0M4.

Aug. 18, 1925. 1,550,427

R. M. CORL MANUFACTURE OF GLASSWARE Filed May 29, 1920 5 Sheets-Sheet 4INT/ENTER Aug. 18, 1925 R.M.CORL

MANUFACTURE OF GLAS SWARE Filed May 29, 1920 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 mm WPatented Aug. 18, 1925.

303131. If. CURL, OF 01510.

MANUFACTURE '01 GLASBWARE.

Application tiled Kay 29,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that. I, Ronmn: M. Conn, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of Maumee, in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio, haveinvente certain new an useful Improvements the Manufacture of Glassware;and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescri ton of the invention, such as will enab e others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings, and to the characters of reiicrence markedthereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to the manufacture of glassware, and has for itsobject the provision ofa method and means for manufacturing glassware,particularly sheet glass whereby the glass is obtained from a source ofsupply and conveyed or directed to a forming point, and there broughtinto contact with a s id heating means to form a continuous c umn ofpredetermined shape.

A further object of the inventlon IS the provision of a method and meansfor converting. previously shaped mass of glass into storm of lesserthickness by the application of a converting heat to the mass byphysical contact of a heating element therewith whereby the temperatureof the mass is raised sufiiciently to flow glass therefrom. Thisincludesflowing from a molten source of supply a sheet mass of glass of greaterthickness than the finished sheet to render it easy to control, toreduce its sensitiveness to temperature changes and to give it a uniformtemperature condition throughout and then applying a converting heat tothe forward end physical contact of a heating member therewith to causeasheet of lessthickness than the glass to flow therefrom.

A-further object of the invention is to utihas the contact heatingorconverting means as a thickness gauge for the forming ware, and alsoas a surface glazing means therefor, whereby the sized r formed Warswill have a natural heat finished surface.

Another object of the invention is to melt or impart to glass the properperature by the direct contact therewith 0 an electric resistanceheating element.

Another object of the invention is the provision of an electricresistance heating elefiled January portion of the mass by directforming tem-j f mass the desired extent, as indicated by the thin,.sheetb.

1920. Serial 1T0. 885,391.

ment or direct melting, heating or gauging contact with glass, whichelement is composed of a material adapted to form an eiiicientelectrical resistance for heating purposes which-will withstand thedeteriorating or breaking down action of high temperatiires and thechemical action of molten ass.

The invention is fully described in the following specification,and-while, in its broader aspect, it is capable of being practiced innumerousiorms, a few embodiments onl of means for practicing the sameare illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which,--

Figure 1 is a. side elevation of tus for practicing the intention, withparts broken away. Fig- 2 is an enlarged front elevation of theconvertin with parts brokenaway. i .3 is a section on the line 3-'3 inFig. 2. ig..4 is a per spective view of one of the bearing blocks forthe converting rolls. Fig. 5 is an. enlarged section on the line artsbroken away. Figs. 6 to 14 inclusive, are diagrammatical illustrationsof different converting means for practicing the invention. Fig. 15,is acentrallongitudinalvertical section or a'diflerent iorm of apparatus forpracticing the invention wit parts broken away. Fig. lfiisa 'iragmentaryview thereof with the glass flowing to and through and. Fig. 17 is adiagrammatical view of the electric heating elements.

' This application is filed as a continuation of 'my'former application,Serial No. 272,572, 22,1919,- for so much of the matter as is commontoboth.

Referring to'the drawings, 1 designates a furnace or other suitablesource of molten glass supply, which has an outlet 2 through which theglass may flow in the form ot a sheet mass m. of predetermined width orthickness. The sheet mass a in the present instance is illustrated asflowing onto and over a drum 3, rotating at the speed of movement orflow oi the sheet, and thence over an endless conveyor or apron 4 to thepoint. at which the converting heat is applie which heat reduces thethickness of the sheet may be hollow The drum'shai't 5, which at eachfor'cooling purposes, is journaled means thereof 5-5 in Fig. 2with anapparaend of the drum in a bearing standard 6, which has a verticalshaft part 7 extending downward through the registering hearing in thebracket arm 8 and threaded at its lower end through a beveled gear 9.The bracketarm 8 is mounted on a frame 10 having supporting wheels 11,operating on respective rails 12, and the beveled gear 9 rests on saidframe. A beveled pinion 13 is in mesh with the gear 9 and has its shaft14: suitably journaled and in beveled gear connection with a shaft 15,carrying a hand wheel 16. It is apparent that a turning of the handwheel will impart rotation to the shaft 9 and effect a raising orlowering of the associated standard 6,

Rotation is imparted to the drum 3 from 'a motor 17 on the frame 10,which motor is connected to the shaft 18 through a variable speed device19. The shaft 18 is journaled at its rear end in the bearing arm 8 andcarries a worm (not shown) in mesh with a worm-wheel 20 supported bysaid arm. The

' u-orm-wheel-ishaft 21 is feathered or otherwise suitably projectedthrough the wormwheel for axial adjustment relative thereto, and has itsupper end journaled in the hearing 22, in the head of the standard 6,and

carrying a beveled pinion 23 in mesh with a beveled gear 24 on theadjacent end of the drum shaft.

' The conveyor apron 4 passes around sprocket wheels on shafts 25 and26, the former of which is journaled at its ends in opposite sides of aframe art 27, while the latter has the ends of its s aft journaled inthe rear ends of carrying bars 28, which project rearward from therespective ends of the shaft 25, thus adapting the rear shaft 26 to haveswinging vertical adjustmcnt about the axis of the front shaft.

Ea h bar 28 has an arm 29 projecting downward therefrom and provided onits front edge with ratchet teeth with which a dog 30, pivoted to theframe part 27 is adapted to engage to support the bar in adjustedposition. The rear face of each arm 29 isin the form of a rack withwhich an adjusting pinion engages. It is thus evident that theinclination of the conveyor apron 4 may be easily and quickly adjustedto place it in desired relation to the drum 3, or to suit any verticaladjustment of the drum. The shaft 25 is provided with a wormwhecl 32 inmesh with a drive worm 33 on a shaft 34, which is journaledin a part ofthe frame 27. The variable speed shaft 18 is in driving connection withthe shaft 34 through the medium of a sprocket wheel and chain connection35. It will be understood that the driving connection between the shaft18 and drum 3 and between said shaft and the apron '4 is such that thedrum and apron will be driven at the same speeds requisite to take care.of the forward feeding over the apron and drum. The hood at its of thesheet mass a from the furnace to the ,converting means.

The sheet mass a in its passage over the drum 3 is confined within ahood 36, which is intended to protect the sheet from outsidetemperatures, and is preferably provided with interior bi'uners or othersuitable heating meansfi? distributed lengthwise thereof, for thepurpcseof creating a uniform heat condition lll tllf-l sheet mass butnot to raise its temperature sufficiently to effect a melting of theglass. The hood 36 has trunnions 38 at its forward end journalcd inbearing brackets 39 extending rearward from the end of the standard 40rising from the forward end of the frame 10. thus permitting the rearend of the hood to be swung upward out of operative position, or, ifdesired, the hood may be bodily raised from rear end is provided withside rests 41 which may seat on the upper ends'of vertical extensions 42of the drum bearing standards 6 when the hood is in operative position.

The sheet mass on adjacent to its point of emergence from the furnace isprotected partially from the cooling action of the outside atmosphere.by upper and lower baflie plates 1-3 and 4A, which are hinged togetheron a cross shaft 45 above the sheet. The lower plate 44 has an opening46 at its upper end through which the sheet it passes and has its lowerend bearing against the drum periphery. The upper plate 43 is supportedin proper adjustment by one or more suspending arms 5 .7. The formedsheet or ware b after passing from the converting means hereinafterdescribed enters and passes through a protecting housing 48into andthrough a leer 49. It is evident that outside temperature is admitted tothe interior of the housing 36 through the rear end tli'er eof and. alsofrom below to effect a cooling of the sheet mass sui'licient to maintainits shape and that ton'iperature within the housing 36 is regulatedburners 37 from which mitted and-the volun' c of such flame. -Thecooling of the shoot 6 within the housing 48 by the number of iseffected by atmospheric temperature admitted to the interior of thehousing or in any other suitable manner, as by the introduction of acooling blast of-air into the housing.

In my former applications, Serial No. 420

163,569, filed April 21st, 1917, and Serial No. 232,841, filed May 6th,1918, I disclose the generic idea of flowing glass in sheet form fromthe shaped mass of glass by applying a converting heat to a localizedarea 195 thereof, and the heating means illustrated in i saidapplications for performing the converting action disclose the heatersas being out of contact with the glass, as is also the case with thespecies of the invention disv flame is being adclosed in my formerapplications, Serial No.

246,877, filed July 26th, 1918, and Serial No. 260,162, filed October29th, 1918.

The sheet converting means with which I have provided the presentapparatus contemplates the application of a converting heat to the sheetmass by direct contact of the heating agents therewith, this being ac-'complished in the present embodiment of the invention by a pair ofheating rolls 50 and; 51 disposed at opposite sides ofithe sheet massand in' direct contact therewith instead of being spaced from the sheetmass so that the converting heat is applied'to the mass through. aninterposed film of air. The s' aeing'of the rolls 50, 51 is the same asthe t iickn'ess of the sheet 5 desired, so that such 'spacin gdetermines the thickness of the sheet and serves a gauging meanstherefor.

The rolls 50 and 51, or at least the r tions thereof having contact withthe s eet mass, are preferably electrically heated and must therefore beof a material which will stand a very high heat, and at the same timehave suflicient electrical resistance to cause the passage of anelectric current therethrough to generate a temperature suflicient toeffect a melting and flowing of the glass in thinner sheet-form from thesheet mass a at the point of contact therewith. Experh ments have beenmade with heating rolls and other lit-eating elements of nickel allo andit is found that such material will wit stand the high heat conditionsnecessary to melt the glass, and will also withstand the chemical actionfrom the hot contacting glass and offers a high resistance to thepassage of an electric current therethrough. It

wi Lbe understood however, that such Inaterial is merely cited as anillustration and is not'intended to limit the rolls or heating elementsto such material, as other high electrical resistance materials found tobe satisfactoryfor the purpose may be used. Alloys suitable for thepurpose are disclosed by the patents to Albert L. Marsh, N 0. 811,859,granted Feb. 6, 1906, and 859,608, granted July 9, 1907, an alloy of 80%nickel and chromium, in accordance i with the d sclosure in Patent No.811,859.:

- having given good satisfaction.

In the present embodiment of my inven tion the rolls and 51 are hollowin form and each is carried at one end by a journal member 52, and atits other end by a ournal member 53, each of which members has a part atits inner end projected into the adjacent end of the respective roll andkeyed or otherwise secured therein in a manner to prevent relativeturning of the members with respect to their roll. These journals arereversed for the different rolls, and a journal 52 of one and 53 of theother roll are mounted together in respective bearing blocks 54, 55,which are mounted one over the other in spaced relation, in the presentinstance, within a bearing housing 56. The bearing blocks 54 and 55 arepreferably formed of a suitable electrical insulating material and theblock 54 for each bearing forms an outer end-thrust bearing for therespective journal 52 as illustrated, while the journal 53' in each caseasses through its bearing block 55, and 13 connected at its outer endthrough a coupling collar 57 of insulating material with the drivemember or shaft portion 58 of the respective roll. The drive member 581S 'f ournaled in a bearing 59 carried by a bearing housing 60 whichprojects from a plate 61 as does also the adjacent bearing housing 56.The plate 61 is adjustably carried at the front side of a frame part 62rising from the respective side of the frame 27 and is adjustablycarried by a hand adjusting screw 63, which extends downward throu h aboss 64 in the frame part 62 and threa s into the top of the plate. Ahand wheel 65 .is carried by the adjusting screw at its upper end andbears at its hub against the top of the boss 64. The plate 61 is rigidlyclamped in adjusted position to its frame part by a screw 66, whichprojects through a vertical slot 67 in the frame part 62 and threadsinto the respective plate 61 (Fig. 5).

Eachbearinghousing 56 and 60 is made hollow for water cooling purposes,as shown at 68, and a cooling water or fluid is circulated therethroughby circulatin pipes 69 leading to and from the same. K yield ingend-thrust is imparted to the outer end of each roll by a coiledcompression spring 70 interposed between the outer end of its member 58.and adjusting screw 7'1, which is threaded through a bracket arm,72projecting from the respective plate 61.

The roll 51 in the present instance, has its drive member 58 in drivingconnection with a drive shaft 73 through a chain and sprocket connection74, said shaft being journaled in bearing arms 7 5 projecting forwardfrom the respective lower portions of the respective frame parts 62. Theshaft i 7 3 is driven from the worm shaft 34. through a friction driveconnection, the friction disc 76 of which iscarried at the outer end ofthe shaft 73, while the frictiondrive wheel 77 is carried by the shaft34 and shiftable lengthwise thereof, transverse to the axis of the shaft73, to effect a variation in the.

adj f ting screw is rotatably. mounted in a la eral extension '81 at theouter end of the rod 79 and is threaded through the shifting arm 78. Thedisc 76 is held in yielding thrust contact with its drive wheel 77 bythe action of a coiled expansion spring 82 on the shaft 73, the oppositeend-thrust of the spring being against one of thebear ings 75 and acollar 83 on the shaft. The shaft 73 is in driving connection with thejack shaft 84 through a pair of gears 85 of like size, said jack shaftbeing journaled in the bearings 75 above the shaft 73, and having achain and sprocket wheel connection 80 with the drive member 58 of theroll 50. It is thus evident that the two rolls are driven at uniformspeeds in opposite directions from the shaft 73 and that the speed ofdriving of such rolls is properly proportioned to the speed of advanceof the sheet mass a. It is not important however, to proportion thespeed of rotation of the heating rolls to the speed of advance of thesheet mass, as the speed of the rolls may be greater or less than thespeed of advance of the sheet mass, and may also be in the reversedirection to the advance of the sheet, as occasion may require, as theflowing of the thinner or formed sheet 6 from the forward end of thesheet mass at will take place upon a heating of the mass to thenecessary convcrting or flowing temperature irrespective of the speed ordirection of rotation of the heating rolls. From experiments which havebeen carried out, it would appear that it is preferable in practice toimpart a back driving rather than a forward driving movement to therolls.

Secured to the bearing housings 56 at the ends of the rolls and 51 areterminal posts 87 which are insulated from the respective housings andto which electrical leads 88 may be attached. Each post has an electricbrush 89 in contact with the respective roll so that each roll isdisposed in and forms part of an electric circuit. with one brushforming the positive and the other the negative connection with theroll.

The method which I have described for converting a sheet mass into asheet of thinner form by the application of a converting heat throughcontacting heaters may be carried out by numerous means, and. inconnection with a sheet mass which may be of set or plastic form andmoving horizontally. vertically or in any other direction. For instance,Fig. 6 illustrates a horizontally disposed sheet mass (2, whichmay be inthe form of an ingot, as more particularly disclosed in my formerapplications, Serial No. 103,509 and 232.841, the converting heat beingapplied thereto by contacting heating elements 90, which may beelectrically heated and either have stationary or rolling contact withthe sheet mass to effect the flowing of a thin sheet 7) therefrom. Therolling contact of the heaters is preferable in some cases as acontinual changing of the point of contact of the healing elements withthe mass is thereby eli'ected.

In Fig. 7 the sheet mass a is shown as feeding downward betweenhorizontally spaced contact rolls 91, downward between which theconverted sheet 5 of thinner form flows.

In Fig. 8 the heating elements 92, which have opposed contact with avertically moving sheet a, are employed for the urpose of sizing andsurface glazing or ishing theshcet rather than for reducing its size.

In Fig. 9 the sheet mass a is shown as flowing from the source of moltenglass supply onto a heating roll 93, which raises the temperature of theglass to a proper sheet forming viscosity so that the glass llowstherefrom in thin sheet form 6. 94 designates a cooling device by meansof which the viscosity of the sheet may he more perfectly regulatedunder some conditions, and where desired the glass mass may be formed bythe action of two different temperatures.

In Fig. 10 the sheet mass 0; is illustrated as passing downward betweenthe gauging and feeding rolls 95, thence between temperature regulatingdevices '96 and 97, which may either effect a cooling or heating of themass as desired, and thence between converting contact heaters or rolls98, which cause a heating of the sheet mass a at the point of contact toflow a sheet b of thinner predetermined thickness therefrom.

In Fig. 11 the sheet mass a' is shown as feeding down between rolls 99,and thence onto a contacting heater 100 of slab form from which thedonvcrted or softened glass may flow or be drawn in the form of a thinsheet Z). One otthe electrical connections for the plate 100 isdesignated 101.

In Fig. 12 the sheet mass on feeds down between a pair of rolls orguiding members 102 thence between initial temperature raising andgauging contact heaters 103 onto aheater 10% of roll form, from one sideof which the glass, as it melts from the mass (1- is permitted to flowin sheet form I) of desired'thickness.

In 13 the sheet mass-a feeds down between a pair of stationary heaters105 which melt or impart the proper temperature to the massat the pointof contact and gauge the thickness of the sheet Z) flowing therefrom.The heaters 105 are made of varying cross section for the purpose ofheat distribution in the converter 105.

In Fig. 14 the sheet mass (1. feeds between rollers 106 which may serveboth to gauge and heat the sheet, and thence onto a. converting heater107 which splits the mass into two sheets.

vforming the walls glass the proper ware forming temperature and at thesame time serving as swing or In Figs. 15 to 1'1 the glass is maintainedin its plastic state until flowed in final sheet form-from the tankthrough the discharge slot, the electric resistance heaters being'-disposcd at o posits sides of and of the slot to give the thicknessgauging means therefor. I am aware that it is old to flow molten glassthrough a slot bound byelectric heaters in which the resistance elementsare disposed within encasing shells, and I therefore do not claim suchfeature, but it is novel so far as I am aware, and important to ace theelectric resistance elements of the caters in direct heating contactwith molten glass and to form such elements of a material which willWithstand the high heht conditions necessary to heat the glass and thedeteriorating chemical action of the molten glass, and will also offer ahigh resistance to the passage of an electric current therethrough.

In the apparatusillustrated in Figs. 15 to 17, 110 designates a troughcommunicating at one end with a source of molten glass supply 111, andhaving in its bottom a well 112, the bottom of which is formed by a pairof electric resistance heating bars or plates 113 cooperating to form anelongated discharge slot 11 1 thcrebetween, which gauges the thicknessof a sheet b flowing therefrom. The heating bars preferably havedownwardly projected thin edges or lips forming the slot walls. This isquite an important feature for without it the tendency of the glassfiowin from the lip is to travel back a distance a ongthe under surfaceof the lip or member forming the slot or opening, resulting in theformation of streaks and lines on the sheet surface. One of the heaterbars is carried by a block or plate 115 fixed to the under side of thetrough at one side-of the slot and the other heater bar is carried by amovable block or plate 116, which is adjustable to vary the spacingbetween the two heater bars. The adjustment of the plate 116 isaccomplished by the turning of a hand wheel 117, the shaft of which hasa worm in mesh with a worm-wheel 118 threaded on the rod 119 projectingoutwardly from the plate. The heater bars, if in wries circuit, have aflexible electric connection at one and and each has at its opposite endeither a positive or a negative connection with a source of electricsupply as shown in 17.

The trough 110 is enclosedover its top throughout its length by a roofor top 120 cooperating with the trough to form a tempermg chamber. Thecommunication between the'inner end of this chamber and or other sourceof supply is s own as being regulated by a gate 121, and

phere, which opening is regulated by a gate 7 124. The outer.compartment is disposed over the well 112 so that a desired uniformtemperature condition may be im arteel to the glass therein. The portionof e trough over which the inner tempering compartment is disposed ismounted over heating chambers 125 having burners 126 projected therein.This efiects a uniform tempering of the glass stream'as it flows overthe trough. p

The sheet I)" as-it emerges from the forming slot has a fluid directedagainst "o posite sides thereof from nozzles 127, w ich fluid may beeither of a cooling or heating nature as temperature conditions Withoutthe tank may require. These nozzles for such purpose may be connectedboth with an air and a gas supply. whereby either a coolinglair alone orair and gas mixed in iglnited form may be directed against the s set.

In Fig. 15 the well 112 is shown as filled with the molten glass, whilein Fig. 16 the In both cases, however, the glass is given the finalsheet forming temperature by the heater bar or bars with which it hascontact and the sheet is sized by the spacing between the bars.

It will be understoodthat the various means shown for practicing theinvention are merely illustrative of some of such means and arenotintended to limit the practicing of the invention by said means, asnumerous other means may be em loyed to carry out the method disclosed.l also wish it understood that the invention is not limited to the useof a sheet mass a of any particular consistency as it may be cold andmelted by the contact heaters at the point of contact therewith to flowa sheet of lesser thickness therefrom, or it may have a temperaturewhich is not sufiiciently high to render it plastic in its nature beforebeing acted on by the contact heaters, or it may comprise a plasticmass, the temperature of which may be lower than that which is proper toform a sheet therefrom and which is raised to the desired formingtemperature or gauged asto size by the contact of an electric resistanceheater or heaters therewith, this latter idea being illustrated moreparticularly in Fig. 9 and Figs. 15 to 17. Lalso wish it understood thatthe invention is not limited to the forming of a stream or tion.

In all the figures s" own means may be used to secure a uniformtemperature and viscosity throughout the mass at previous to its beingreduced in thickness.

It is evident that the cross sectional size of the sheetor ware operatedon can be 0011- trolled by the spacing of the connecting elements, forin the latter case, the higher the temperature the thinner will be thesheet or ware. It is also understood that width maintaining means for,the'formed sheet may be used when necessary or desired.

. Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is,-

1. The method of forming sheet glass, which consists in feeding glass toa sheet forming point, and passing it at said point between electricresistance heaters in direct physical contact therewith to gauge itsthickness.

2. The method of shaping glass, which consists in feeding glass intocontact with and past the resistance element of an electric ing of theelements of the sheet.

7. The method of shaping glass, which consists in feeding a mass ofglass into contact with a solid heated above the softening point ofglass and above the temperature or the contacting glass, thereby causingthe mass toassume a cross section dependent upon the shape of the solid,and, as the glass. asumes the desired shape, passing it beyond the solidand; allowing it to set in theshape assumed.

8. The method of shapingglass, which consists in feeding a mass of glassof set form into contact with a solid heated above the softening pointof glass and above the temperature of the contacting glass, therebycausing the mass to assumea cross section dependent upon the shape ofthe solid, and, as the glass assumes the desired shape, passingit beyondthe solid and allowing it to set in the sha e assumed.

I 9. The metho of forming a glass stream, which consists in feedingglass through elecgauging the thickness "trio heating means in contactwith the electrical-resistance thereof, and regulating the condition ofsaid resistance so that the glass does not adhere thereto and at theprint of heater and thereby giving the glass a shapecontact is softenedby the heating means and dependent upon the shape of said element, andallowing the glass to set in the shape so given.

8 The method of forming sheet glass, which consists in feeding glass toa sheet forming point, applying a temperature changing heat theretoat'such point by direct physical contact of an electric resistanceheater therewith to cause a flowing of the glass from such point inpredetermined sheet forming consistency.

4. The method of forming sheetglass, which consists in feeding glass toa sheet forming poinrt, bringing it in physical contact at said pointwith spaced electric resistance heating elements to heat the glass apredetermined extent to flow a sheet therefrom down between theelementshaving a thickness equal to the distance between said elements.

5. The method of forming sheetglass, which consists in continuouslyfeeding a sheet mass of glass of set form to a predetermined point,raising the temperature of the sheet mass at said point byidirectcontact of a non-gaseous heating element there with to fiow a sheet ofless predetermined thickness than the mass therefrom.

6. The method of forming sheet glass, which consists'in continuouslyfeeding a sheet mass of glass of set form to a predetermined point,raising the temperature of the sheet mass at said point by directcontact of spaced non-gaseous heating elements therewith to flow a sheetof glass from the mass down between the elements, the spacflo wstherethrough in a. shape and size determined by the heating means.

10. The method of surface finishing glass, which consists in feedingglass between rotating heaters having contact with opposite sidesthereof, whereby a melting heat is applied to the glass surfaces at thepoints of contact.

11, The method of forming glass ware, which consists in feeding glassbetween' rotating electric resistance heaters in non-adherent contacttherewith, the glass at the points of contact being melted by theheaters and flowing in predetermined shape from between the same. a

12. The method of surface finishing glass, which consists in feedingglass between rotating heaters having contact with opposite sidesthereof, whereby a melting heat is applied to the glass surfaces at thepoints of contact, the rotation of the heaters being reyerse to. thedirection of feeding of the glass. I

I 13. The method of continuously forming sheet glass, which consists inrelatively moving a sheet mass of glass and a pair of heat ing elements,with the latter constituting the resistance elements of electric heatersand at opposite sides of the glass in contact therewith and thecondition of, the heaters so (that the glass does not adhere thereto andso that they effect a melting of the glass and a flowing thereof in thinsheettorm between the elements, the spacing ot' the elements determiningthe thickness of the formed sheet.

we v

' glass at the point of contact. I a

15. In an apparatus of the class described, a heating element of nickelalloy havm direct contact with a glass mass being acte -on to efl'ect aforming of the glass ati-the point of contact.

16. In an apparatus of the class descrlbed, a heated element havingCOIltlDJlOllS' non,

adherent sliding contact witha glassshect to effect a meltingnf theglass surface at the pointer contact.

1 7:"In an apparatus of the class described,

a pair of heating elements of nickel-alloy having direct continuousheating contact with the sides of a glass column to effect a gauging ofthe sheet at the points of contact.

18. In an apparatus of the class described, a pair of electricalresistance heaters of nickel alloy in direct continuous heating contactwith the opposite sides of a glass sheet feeding therebetween to efiecta melting of the glass surfaces at the points of contact.

19. In an apparatus of the class de: scribed, a heating elementconstituting the resistance element of an electric heater, means forfeeding glass into direct contact with said heating element to effect asoftening and chan ing of the shape of the glass at the point 0%contact. a

20. In an apparatus of the class described, a pair of electricalresistance heating elements. means for continuously feeding glassbetween said elements in direct con tact therewith to effect a meltingof the glass surfaces at the points of contact.

21. In an apparatus of the class described, a pair of rotatable electricresistance heaters, and means for continuously feeding glass in sheetform between said heaters in direct contact therewith, whereby theglassis melted at the points of contact and caused to How from the sheetin predetermined shape. I

22. In an apparatus of the class described, a'pair of heating rolls,means for continu ously feeding glass between said rolls to effect amelting and changing of theshape of the lass by contact with'therolls,and means Ior imparting rotation tovthe rolls which is reverse to thedirection of flow of glass therebetween. In an apparatus of the classdescribed, a pair of heating rolls, means for continuously feeding glassbetween said rolls in direct contact therewith to effects melting andchanging of the shape of the glass by contact with the rolls, and meansfor imparting predetermined rotation to said rolls, each of said rollsbeing disposed in an electric'circuit and comprising a material capa.ble of standing very high heat and which "oii'ers a resistance to thepassage of an electrio current therethrough to form resistance heatinelements.

24. In an apparatus of the class described,

a pair of electrically heated rolls, means. i for continuously feedingglass between said rolls in direct contact therewith, whereby a meltingof the contacting surfaces of the glass is eii'ccte d by therolls','journals carry- -ri ng'aiid being of a difi'erent material thanmild rolls, bearings for said journals, and :means for impartingrotation to said rolls and journals.

25 111 an apparatus of the class described, a pair of electricallyheated rolls, means for continuously feeding glass between said rollsindirect contact therewith, whereby a melting of the contacting surfacesof the glass is effected by the rolls, journals carrying and being of adifferent material than said rolls, electrical insulation bearings forsaidjournals, and means for driving said rolls electrically insulatedfrom the heating portions thereof.

26. In an. apparatus of the class described,

a roll having an elcctricallyq heated portion and journal members at theends of said port on, l'JBRIIIIgS for said ournal members, drive meansfor said roll connected to and insulated from one of said 'ournal memghers, an electric circuit with w ich the heat- I,

ing'portion of said roll is in series, and means for feedin glass intocontact with the heating portion of said roll whereby a melting of thesurface of 'the glass at the point of contact is effected. p

27. Inan apparatus of the class described, a roll having a heatedportion and journal members of a different material at the ends of saidportion, insulation bearings for said journals, one serving as anend-thrust bearing for the roll, drive means connected to one of saidjournal members and insulated therefrom. means exerting an axial thruston the roll at the end thereof opposed to its end-thrust bearing, andmeans for feeding glass to said roll in contact therewith whereby thesurface of the glass at the point of. contact is melted.

28. In an apparatus of the class described, a pair of transtersclyspaced rolls each having an electric resistance heating portion andjournal portions, bearings of insulating material for said journalportions, drive means lnsulatingly connected to each of said rolls, andmeans for feeding glass to which molten glass does not adhere, and

means 'for continuously feeding glass in sheet form from a source ofsupply to and into contact with said element, the temperature oi theelement being suilicient to eliect a melting of the glass at its pointof con tact therewith, whereby the condition of the sheet is changed bythe melting action.

30. In an apparatus of the class described, a heating element, and meansfor feeding glass in sheet form from a source of supply to and intocontact with said element, said means comprising a drum, a feedingapron, and means for driving the same at uniform speeds, the temperatureor" said heating element being sufiicient to effect a melting of thesurface of the glass at the point of con- I tact therewith wherebythecondition of the sheet is changed by the melting action.

31. In an apparatus of the class described,

a rotatable electrically heated elementto which molten glass does notadhere, means for continuously feeding glass to and into contact withsaid element from a source of supply whereby a melting of the glass atits point of contact with the heated element is efi'ected to change thecondition or shape of the glass and means for rotating said element.

32. In anapparatus of the class described, a pair of transversely spacedelectric resistance heating elements to which glass does not adhere,means for continuously feeding glass to said elements between the sameand in contact therewith, whereby a melting of the glass at its point ofcontact with the heating elements is effected to change the condition ofthe glass.

33. In an apparatus of the class described, a pair of transverselyspaced electrical resistance heating, elements, means for continuouslyfeeding glass in mass form from a source of supply to and between saidelements in contact therewith, whereby a melting of the glass at itspoints of contact with the elements is eifected and a column of diflerent form caused to flow from the melted end of the feeding mass andmeans enclosing the feeding mass and regulating; the temperature thereofbetween the source of supply and said-elements.

34. In an apparatus of the class described, a source of glass supply,auxiliary heating means, means for continuously feeding glass in sheetform from the source of supply to said heating means, baliie meansbetween the source of supply and said feeding means to regulate thecooling of the sheetby outside temperature, said heating means being ofa temperature sui'iicient to eficct amelting of the glass sheet as itpasses the same.

35. In an apparatus of the class described. an electric heating elementof nickel alloy having direct heating contact with glass be ing; actedonto form glass ofpredetcrmiucd sliape therefrom.

access? 36. In an apparatus of the class described, an electricresistance heating means olnickel alloy arranged to-reccive glass to heacted on in direct contact therewith, said means having a slot throughwhich the glass acted on thereby flows, and means directing the movementof the glass to the hen ting means.

37'. In an apparatus of the class described, an electric resistanceheating, element of nickel alloy arranged to have direct contact with amass of glass to be acted on, and means to continuously advance theglass to said element whereby asheet of predetermined thickness isflowcd therefrom.

38. In an apparatus of the class described, opposed electric resistanceelements of nickel alloy forming a slot therebetween, means fordirecting" glass to be acted on to said elements in direct contacttherewith'to heat and flow the glass in sheet form at predeterminedthickness through the slot which serves as a sizing means therefor,

39. The method of forming glass-Ware which consists in continuouslyflowing from I a molten source of supply a column of glass of greaterthickness than the desired finished ware to render it easy to controland to reduce its sensitiveness to temperature changes, and applyingheat to the forward end of the column at a distance from the formingsource by direct physical contact of an electric resistance heatingelement therewith to surface melt the glass and cause a finished columnof less thickness than the mass to flow therefrom.

The method of forming sheet glass, which consists in continuouslyflowing from a molten source of supply a sheet mass of glass of greaterthickness than the finished sheet to render it easy to control and toreduce its Scnsitiveness to temperature chances and after the mass hasbecome substantially set in form applying a convertinn, heat to theforward end portion thereof by direct physical contact with a heatingsolid to cause a sheet of glass of less thickness than the mass to flowtherefrom.

ll. The method of forming sheet glass, which consists in flowing from amolten source of supply a mass of glass of greater thickness than thefinished sheet to render it. easy to control and to reduce itssensitiveness to temperature changes, passing the forward end of themass between electric resistance heaters to which glass does not adherein direct physical contact therewith to raise the temperature of themass at the points otcontact to flow a sheet from the mass.

42. The method of forming sheet glass, which consists in continuouslyliowingfroin a molten source of supply a sheet mass of glass which is ofgreater thickness than the finished sheet to render it easy to control.andto reduce its sensitiveness to temperaq lOU ture cl'izmges, and afterthe mass has become substantially set in form applying a/converting heatto the forward end ortion thereof by direct physical Contact .of anelectric heating element therewith to csuse the glass to flow from themass in s sheet of less thickness than the mess.

43. The method of forming sheet glass, which consists in continuouslyflowing from a. molten source of supply a. sheet mess of glass which isof greater thickness than the ih'iished sheet to render it easy tocontrol and to reduce its sensiti'veness to temperature changes, andafter the mass has hvcmne substantially set in. form applying a converting heat to the forward end portion, thereof continuous with thedrawing by passing the messhetween electric heaters in direct physicalcontact therewith, whereby a sheet is caused to flow from the mess andis gauged as to thickness by the spacing of the heaters. v

The method of forming sheet glass, which consists in continuouslyflowing from s molten source of snpply afisheet mass of glass passing itthrough :1 lflllllfwlittlllc regulating chamber wherein it is permitted.to cool sufliciently to maintain a shape and then bringing its forwardend into physical Contact with an electric heating means which melts thesheet mess to flow sheet of less thickness therefrom, and carrying thelinished sheetawoy from the shec mess at the speed of flowing of thesame iroi'ii the lllllvf The method of forming sheet glass, whichconsists in continuously flowing from nmolten source of supply s sheetmass of therewith, whereby the glass is melted and caused to how infinished form from the mass and has its thickness determined by thespacing of the heaters.

$6. In a sheet glass forming n'mchine means forming an opening, thesides of which are formed of nickel chromium alloy, means for supplyingglassto said opening, and means for heating theinolls of the openin g toraise the temperature of the glass supplied thereto and to consent-toHow in a predetermined form through the openin 47. in a sheet glassforming machine, a metallic member of nickel chromium alloy onto "whichmolten g1 :Lss flows from 21 source of supply and downward from which itflows to form the sheet and means for heating the member tomaintainygpredetermined temperature condition therein. 18. ln s sheetglass forming machine two metallic members oi a nickel chromium alloydefining: theme 41g of 2L slot or opening end onto which molten glossflows from a source supply 'z'ifhd downward from which through. the slotthe glass [lows to form the sheet, hnd moans l'or heating the members tomaintain a predetermined temperature therein.

in testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name to thisspecification.

BOB M. CORL.

